The Domain Name System (DNS) is
a hierarchical naming system for computers, services, or any resource connected
to the Internet or
a private network. It associates various
information with domain names assigned
to each of the participants. Most importantly, it translates domain names
meaningful to humans into the numerical (binary) identifiers associated with
networking equipment for the purpose of locating and addressing these devices
worldwide. An often-used analogy to explain the Domain Name System is that it
serves as the "phone book"
for the Internet by translating human-friendly computer hostnames into
IP addresses.
For example, www.example.com translates
to 192.0.32.10.
The Domain Name System makes it
possible to assign domain names to
groups of Internet users in a meaningful way, independent of each user's
physical location. Because of this, World Wide Web (WWW)
hyperlinks and
Internet contact information can remain consistent and constant even if the
current Internet routing arrangements change or the participant uses a mobile
device. Internet domain names are easier to remember than IP addresses such as
208.77.188.166 (IPv4)
or 2001:db8:1f70::999:de8:7648:6e8 (IPv6).
People take advantage of this when they recite meaningful URLs and
e-mail addresses without having to know how the machine will actually
locate them.
The Domain Name System distributes
the responsibility of assigning domain names and mapping those names to IP
addresses by designating authoritative name servers for each domain. Authoritative name servers are
assigned to be responsible for their particular domains, and in turn can assign
other authoritative name servers for their sub-domains. This mechanism has made
the DNS distributed and fault tolerant and has helped avoid the need for a
single central register to be continually consulted and updated.
In general, the Domain Name System
also stores other types of information, such as the list of mail servers that
accept email for
a given Internet domain. By providing a worldwide, distributed keyword-based
redirection service, the Domain Name System is an essential component of the
functionality of the Internet.
Download Full Project Report On Domain Name Space
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